This is part two of our Correctional Nurse Clinical Update: Infectious Disease Prevention in Corrections. Today we will discuss Managing Established Infectious Diseases in Corrections.

In correctional healthcare, some infectious diseases are so common that every nurse behind the wall will encounter them. Tuberculosis (TB), hepatitis B and C, HIV/AIDS, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and seasonal influenza are among the most prevalent—and they pose unique challenges in secure environments.

Tuberculosis (TB)

TB remains a significant concern in jails and prisons, especially among individuals with prior exposure, homelessness, or those with a compromised immune system. Correctional nurses are key to early detection through intake screening and symptom monitoring. Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) is essential to ensure treatment completion, prevent resistance, and limit transmission.

Hepatitis B & C

Hepatitis B can be prevented through vaccination, while hepatitis C is curable with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Many patients are unaware of their status until testing at intake. Counseling on transmission prevention—avoiding shared needles or tattoo equipment—is vital.

HIV/AIDS

Management in corrections mirrors community best practices but with added emphasis on DOT and maintaining continuity during transfers or release. Patient education helps reduce stigma and promotes adherence.

MRSA

This drug-resistant bacteria thrives in crowded, high-contact environments. Strategies include wound care protocols, hand hygiene reinforcement, and discouraging the sharing of personal items like towels and razors.

Seasonal Influenza

Annual vaccination campaigns are the first line of defense. When outbreaks occur, cohorting sick individuals, reinforcing respiratory etiquette, and encouraging mask use are essential.

Final Thoughts 

Managing these established diseases requires vigilance, prevention programs, and strong patient engagement strategies—always adapted to our secure environment.

Be sure to read part three in our series about Infectious Diseases in Corrections entitled Responding to Emerging Infectious Diseases in Corrections.

Please share your thoughts and the best practices you use at your facility to address managing established infectious diseases at your facility in the comments section below.